Each component involves a specific movement pattern that challenges the body’s kinetic function as a linked system and is designed to provide a qualitative assessment of locomotion and stability. It targets seven fundamental movement patterns involving balance, mobility and stability that reflect fundamental proprioception and kinesthetic awareness principles. The FMS, among other tools, has demonstrated good to excellent interrater and intra rater reliability in discerning deficits in movement behavior and motor function that are assumed to be related to injury risk and has thus received much attention in recent years. Given this, they serve as diagnostic tools, particularly in team sports, so that injury prevention programs can be tailored based on the results. They have been shown to be practical in identifying a lack of neuromuscular control/imbalance as well as poor core stability and strength, which are known as risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries.
Despite the compromises made for precision that these tools entail, they are inexpensive, easy to operate and efficient to use in large-scale settings and require less effort than the laboratory investigations such as isokinetic dynamometry, 3D motion capturing, and EMG.
#Functional movement screen series
In a scientific endeavor, a series of field-based screening tools such as the Y Balance Test (YBT), Star Excursion Balance Test, Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) and Functional Movement Screen (FMS) were developed as more user-friendly alternatives to the laboratory measures. Therefore, identifying at-risk athletes via demographics has become an area of interest. These laboratory-based measures provide precise quantification of the presumed risk factors, but they entail costly equipment and large amounts of time, so performing them on large scales is impractical. Extensive studies, mainly in the form of sophisticated biomechanical analyses, have determined the injury risk factors, providing great potential for injury prevention. Despite the numerous advantages of being physically active, taking part in either competitive or recreational sports is accompanied by an increase in injury risk. These statistics highlight the increase in the number of females participating in competitive and recreational sports. The 2012 London Olympics was labeled the ‘‘Year of the Woman’’, since each delegate sent at least one female athlete to compete in the games, with women accounting for nearly 45% of the entire population of athletes. Level of evidence The level of evidence was determined to be 2b. The sensitivity and specificity of the recommended cutoff of ≤ 14 has considerably decreased, and higher cutoff values should be applied to increase the FMS predictive ability. Given the lack of clarity in the literature on the use of the FMS in females, further well-organized studies with larger sample sizes and longer monitoring periods are highly recommended. ConclusionĪlthough the FMS is reliable for clinical practice, and the current literature shows promise regarding the predictive ability of the FMS among active females, concerns remain regarding its validity in identifying at-risk females. The reliability of the recommended cutoff point was confirmed, though cutoffs higher than 14 were significantly associated with the predictive ability of the FMS. Two studies reported no predictive validity for the FMS, while three defended its predictive validity the rest partially supported the FMS as a valid diagnostic tool. The overall bias of the studies was low, but there was an unclear amount of bias for participant selection. Except for a study on military members, all studies were carried out on team sports players. Generally, the quality of eight studies was poor to moderate due to both small sample sizes and short follow-up periods. The following data were obtained from the included studies: year of publication, title, study type, participants’ demographic, sample size, FMS cutoff point, injury definition, statistical analyses used, FMS results and study level. The risk of bias, applicability and level of the studies were then identified using the QUADAS-2 and a checklist for assessing methodological quality. Out of the 61 potential references, 17 were reviewed in detail with respect to the inclusion criteria ten were ultimately included. Six online databases, including PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Science Direct, SPORTDiscus and Google Scholar, were searched for the period of April 2006 to September 2021. This study aims to synthesize the literature on the ability of the FMS to identify at-risk active females. The validity of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) in identifying active females who are predisposed to injury has not been specifically reviewed.
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